Photovoltaics - Nominal and Average Power
Calculator for converting nominal or peak power to the actual expected power and annual yield. The nominal power is usually given in kWp (kilowatt peak), and is the theoretically possible peak power of the modules. The average expected power is the power averaged over the entire year. It is calculated from the nominal power and the capacity factor. This value multiplied by 8760, which is the number of hours in a normal year, gives the expected annual yield. The yield factor is the ratio of nominal power to yield. For more information, see Power and Energy.
Please enter the nominal power or the average power and adjust the capacity factor to calculate the remaining values.
Example: For a photovoltaic system with a nominal output of 12 kWp and a specified capacity factor of 11 percent, the average expected power is 1.32 kW and the annual yield is 11,563.2 kWh; the yield factor is 963.6.
The capacity factor indicates the percentage of power the system feeds into the grid on average over the entire year. Starting at a theoretical 100 percent at ideal conditions, half the time no power is fed into the grid because it is night. Then the weather is of course changeable and the position of the sun, and thus the angle of the sun's rays on the solar modules, changes constantly. These factors cannot be influenced. However, factors that can be influenced are the orientation of the modules and their angle of incidence. Shading can be influenced to a limited extent. In Central Europe, a capacity factor of around 10 to 12 percent can be expected for a mount on a south-facing roof. For a north-facing roof, it is only around 7 to 9 percent. Ground-mounted systems with tracking achieve around 14 to 17 percent.
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