Liste der chemischen Isotope
Eine Tabelle mit den Isotopen aller chemischen Elemente. In dieser Liste finden sich alle natürlich vorkommenden Isotope und die wichtigsten der künstlich erzeugten. Es gibt von jedem Element auch noch zahlreiche weitere künstlich erzeugte, stark radioaktive Isotope, die hier weggelassen wurden. Die wichtigsten Kernisomere sind in der Liste enthalten. Isomere erkennt man an dem hochgestellten m neben der Massenzahl.
P steht für die Ordnungszahl und damit die Anzahl an Protonen, N ist die Anzahl der Neutronen, u ist die atomare Masseneinheit. % gibt die natürliche Häufigkeit in Prozent an, wobei * bedeutet, dass das Isotop lediglich in Spuren vorhanden ist und - bedeutet kein natürliches Vorkommen. Die Halbwertszeit kann angegeben sein in Jahren (a), Tagen (d), Stunden (h), Minuten (min), Sekunden (s), Millisekunden (ms, 10-3s), Mikrosekunden (μs, 10-6s) oder Nanosekunden (ns, 10-9s).
Das jeweils häufigste Isotop eines Elements ist fettgedruckt. Radioisotope (radioaktive Isotope) sind kursiv und rot, quasistabile Isotope mit extrem langen Halbwertszeiten und sehr schwacher Strahlung sind kursiv und dunkelrot.
Springe zu Element
Isotop | Symbol | P | N | u | % | Halbwertszeit |
Wasserstoff 1 (Protium) | 1H | 1 | 0 | 1,008 | 99,98 | stabil |
Wasserstoff 2 (Deuterium) | 2H | 1 | 1 | 2,014 | 0,02 | stabil |
Wasserstoff 3 (Tritium) | 3H | 1 | 2 | 3,016 | * (10-16) | 12,32 a |
|
Helium 2 (Diproton) | 2He | 2 | 0 | 2,016 | - | <1 ns |
Helium 3 | 3He | 2 | 1 | 3,016 | 0,00014 | stabil |
Helium 4 | 4He | 2 | 2 | 4,003 | 99,99986 | stabil |
|
Lithium 6 | 6Li | 3 | 3 | 6,015 | 7,4 | stabil |
Lithium 7 | 7Li | 3 | 4 | 7,016 | 92,6 | stabil |
Lithium 8 | 8Li | 3 | 5 | 8,022 | - | 839 ms |
Lithium 9 | 9Li | 3 | 6 | 9,027 | - | 178 ms |
|
Beryllium 7 | 7Be | 4 | 3 | 7,017 | * | 53,12 d |
Beryllium 8 | 8Be | 4 | 4 | 8,005 | - | 6,722 * 10-17 s |
Beryllium 9 | 9Be | 4 | 5 | 9,012 | 100 | stabil |
Beryllium 10 | 10Be | 4 | 6 | 10,014 | * | 1,51 * 106 a |
Beryllium 11 | 11Be | 4 | 7 | 11,022 | - | 13,81 s |
|
Bor 8 | 8B | 5 | 3 | 8,025 | - | 0,772 s |
Bor 10 | 10B | 5 | 5 | 10,013 | 19,9 | stabil |
Bor 11 | 11B | 5 | 6 | 11,009 | 81,1 | stabil |
|
Kohlenstoff 12 | 12C | 6 | 6 | 12 | 98,9 | stabil |
Kohlenstoff 13 | 13C | 6 | 7 | 13,003 | 1,1 | stabil |
Kohlenstoff 14 | 14C | 6 | 8 | 14,003 | 1,25 * 10-10 | 5730 a |
|
Stickstoff 14 | 14N | 7 | 7 | 14,003 | 99,634 | stabil |
Stickstoff 15 | 15N | 7 | 8 | 15,000 | 0,366 | stabil |
|
Sauerstoff 16 | 16O | 8 | 8 | 15,995 | 99,762 | stabil |
Sauerstoff 17 | 17O | 8 | 9 | 16,999 | 0,038 | stabil |
Sauerstoff 18 | 18O | 8 | 10 | 17,999 | 0,2 | stabil |
|
Fluor 17 | 17F | 9 | 8 | 17,002 | - | 64,4 s |
Fluor 18 | 18F | 9 | 9 | 18,001 | - | 109,7 min |
Fluor 19 | 19F | 9 | 10 | 18,998 | 100 | stabil |
|
Neon 20 | 20Ne | 10 | 10 | 19,992 | 90,48 | stabil |
Neon 21 | 21Ne | 10 | 11 | 20,994 | 0,27 | stabil |
Neon 22 | 22Ne | 10 | 12 | 21,991 | 9,25 | stabil |
|
Natrium 22 | 22Na | 11 | 11 | 21,994 | * | 2,602 a |
Natrium 23 | 23Na | 11 | 12 | 22,990 | 100 | stabil |
|
Magnesium 24 | 24Mg | 12 | 12 | 23,985 | 78,99 | stabil |
Magnesium 25 | 25Mg | 12 | 13 | 24,986 | 10,00 | stabil |
Magnesium 26 | 26Mg | 12 | 14 | 25,983 | 11,01 | stabil |
|
Aluminium 26 | 26Al | 13 | 13 | 25,987 | * | 717240 a |
Aluminium 27 | 27Al | 13 | 14 | 26,982 | 100 | stabil |
|
Silicium 28 | 28Si | 14 | 14 | 27,977 | 92,23 | stabil |
Silicium 29 | 29Si | 14 | 15 | 28,976 | 4,67 | stabil |
Silicium 30 | 30Si | 14 | 16 | 29,974 | 3,1 | stabil |
Silicium 32 | 32Si | 14 | 18 | 31,974 | * | 153 a |
|
Phosphor 31 | 31P | 15 | 16 | 30,974 | 100 | stabil |
Phosphor 32 | 32P | 15 | 17 | 31,974 | * | 14,268 d |
Phosphor 33 | 33P | 15 | 18 | 32,972 | - | 25,35 d |
|
Schwefel 32 | 32S | 16 | 16 | 31,972 | 95,02 | stabil |
Schwefel 33 | 33S | 16 | 17 | 32,971 | 0,75 | stabil |
Schwefel 34 | 34S | 16 | 18 | 33,968 | 4,20 | stabil |
Schwefel 35 | 35S | 16 | 19 | 34,969 | * | 87,32 d |
Schwefel 36 | 36S | 16 | 20 | 35,967 | 0,02 | stabil |
|
Chlor 35 | 35Cl | 17 | 18 | 34,969 | 75,77 | stabil |
Chlor 36 | 36Cl | 17 | 19 | 35,968 | * | 301315 a |
Chlor 37 | 37Cl | 17 | 20 | 36,966 | 24,23 | stabil |
|
Argon 36 | 36Ar | 18 | 18 | 35,968 | 0,336 | stabil |
Argon 37 | 37Ar | 18 | 19 | 36,967 | - | 35,011 d |
Argon 38 | 38Ar | 18 | 20 | 37,963 | 0,063 | stabil |
Argon 39 | 39Ar | 18 | 21 | 38,964 | * | 269 a |
Argon 40 | 40Ar | 18 | 22 | 39,962 | 99,6 | stabil |
Argon 42 | 42Ar | 18 | 24 | 41,963 | * | 32,9 a |
|
Kalium 39 | 39K | 19 | 20 | 38,964 | 93,26 | stabil |
Kalium 40 | 40K | 19 | 21 | 39,964 | 0,0117 | 1,248 * 109 a |
Kalium 41 | 41K | 19 | 22 | 40,962 | 6,73 | stabil |
|
Calcium 40 | 40Ca | 20 | 20 | 39,963 | 96,941 | stabil |
Calcium 42 | 42Ca | 20 | 22 | 41,959 | 0,647 | stabil |
Calcium 43 | 43Ca | 20 | 23 | 42,959 | 0,135 | stabil |
Calcium 44 | 44Ca | 20 | 24 | 43,955 | 2,086 | stabil |
Calcium 46 | 46Ca | 20 | 26 | 45,954 | 0,004 | stabil |
Calcium 48 | 48Ca | 20 | 28 | 47,953 | 0,187 | >6,4 * 1019 a |
|
Scandium 45 | 45Sc | 21 | 24 | 44,956 | 100 | stabil |
|
Titan 46 | 46Ti | 22 | 24 | 45,953 | 8,0 | stabil |
Titan 47 | 47Ti | 22 | 25 | 46,952 | 7,3 | stabil |
Titan 48 | 48Ti | 22 | 26 | 47,948 | 73,8 | stabil |
Titan 49 | 49Ti | 22 | 27 | 48,948 | 5,5 | stabil |
Titan 50 | 50Ti | 22 | 28 | 49,945 | 5,4 | stabil |
|
Vanadium 48 | 48Mn | 23 | 25 | 47.952 | - | 15.973 d |
Vanadium 49 | 49Mn | 23 | 26 | 48.949 | - | 329 d |
Vanadium 50 | 50V | 23 | 27 | 49,947 | 0,25 | 1,5 * 1017 a |
Vanadium 51 | 51V | 23 | 28 | 50,944 | 99,75 | stabil |
|
Chrom 50 | 50Cr | 24 | 26 | 49,946 | 4,345 | >1,8 * 1017 a |
Chrom 52 | 52Cr | 24 | 28 | 51,941 | 83,789 | stabil |
Chrom 53 | 53Cr | 24 | 29 | 52,941 | 9,501 | stabil |
Chrom 54 | 54Cr | 24 | 30 | 53,939 | 2,364 | stabil |
|
Mangan 53 | 53Mn | 25 | 28 | 52,941 | * | 3,74 * 106 a |
Mangan 55 | 55Mn | 25 | 30 | 54,938 | 100 | stabil |
|
Eisen 54 | 54Fe | 26 | 28 | 53,940 | 5,8 | stabil |
Eisen 56 | 56Fe | 26 | 30 | 55,935 | 91,72 | stabil |
Eisen 57 | 57Fe | 26 | 31 | 56,935 | 2,2 | stabil |
Eisen 58 | 58Fe | 26 | 32 | 57,933 | 0,28 | stabil |
Eisen 60 | 60Fe | 26 | 34 | 59,934 | * | 2,6 * 106 a |
|
Cobalt 56 | 56Co | 27 | 29 | 55,940 | - | 77,233 d |
Cobalt 59 | 59Co | 27 | 32 | 58,933 | 100 | stabil |
Cobalt 60 | 60Co | 27 | 33 | 59,934 | - | 5,2714 a |
|
Nickel 48 | 48Ni | 28 | 20 | 48,020 | - | 10 ms |
Nickel 56 | 56Ni | 28 | 28 | 55,942 | - | 6,075 d |
Nickel 58 | 58Ni | 28 | 30 | 57,935 | 68,077 | stabil |
Nickel 59 | 59Ni | 28 | 31 | 58,934 | * | 76500 a |
Nickel 60 | 60Ni | 28 | 32 | 59,931 | 26,233 | stabil |
Nickel 61 | 61Ni | 28 | 33 | 60,931 | 1,14 | stabil |
Nickel 62 | 62Ni | 28 | 34 | 61,928 | 3,634 | stabil |
Nickel 63 | 63Ni | 28 | 35 | 62,930 | - | 100,1 a |
Nickel 64 | 64Ni | 28 | 36 | 63,928 | 0,926 | stabil |
|
Kupfer 63 | 63Cu | 29 | 34 | 62,930 | 69,17 | stabil |
Kupfer 65 | 65Cu | 29 | 36 | 64,928 | 30,83 | stabil |
|
Zink 64 | 64Zn | 30 | 34 | 63,929 | 48,6 | stabil |
Zink 66 | 66Zn | 30 | 36 | 65,926 | 27,9 | stabil |
Zink 67 | 67Zn | 30 | 37 | 66,927 | 4,1 | stabil |
Zink 68 | 68Zn | 30 | 38 | 67,925 | 18,8 | stabil |
Zink 70 | 70Zn | 30 | 40 | 69,925 | 0,6 | stabil |
|
Gallium 68 | 68Ga | 31 | 37 | 67.928 | - | 67.7 min |
Gallium 69 | 69Ga | 31 | 38 | 68,926 | 60,1 | stabil |
Gallium 71 | 71Ga | 31 | 40 | 70,925 | 39,9 | stabil |
|
Germanium 68 | 68Ge | 32 | 36 | 67,928 | - | 271 d |
Germanium 70 | 70Ge | 32 | 38 | 69,924 | 20,5 | stabil |
Germanium 72 | 72Ge | 32 | 40 | 71,922 | 27,4 | stabil |
Germanium 73 | 73Ge | 32 | 41 | 72,923 | 7,8 | stabil |
Germanium 74 | 74Ge | 32 | 42 | 73,921 | 36,5 | stabil |
Germanium 76 | 76Ge | 32 | 44 | 75,921 | 7,44 | 1,9 * 1021 a |
|
Arsen 75 | 75As | 33 | 42 | 74,922 | 100 | stabil |
|
Selen 74 | 74Se | 34 | 40 | 73,922 | 0,87 | stabil |
Selen 76 | 76Se | 34 | 42 | 75,919 | 9,36 | stabil |
Selen 77 | 77Se | 34 | 43 | 76,920 | 7,63 | stabil |
Selen 78 | 78Se | 34 | 44 | 77,917 | 23,78 | stabil |
Selen 79 | 79Se | 34 | 45 | 78,918 | * | 327800 a |
Selen 80 | 80Se | 34 | 46 | 79,917 | 49,61 | stabil |
Selen 82 | 82Se | 34 | 48 | 81,917 | 8,73 | 1020 a |
|
Brom 79 | 79Br | 35 | 44 | 78,918 | 50,69 | stabil |
Brom 81 | 81Br | 35 | 46 | 80,916 | 49,31 | stabil |
|
Krypton 78 | 78Kr | 36 | 42 | 77,920 | 0,35 | 2,0 * 1021 a |
Krypton 80 | 80Kr | 36 | 44 | 79,916 | 2,25 | stabil |
Krypton 81 | 81Kr | 36 | 45 | 80,917 | * | 229110 a |
Krypton 82 | 82Kr | 36 | 46 | 81,913 | 11,6 | stabil |
Krypton 83 | 83Kr | 36 | 47 | 82,914 | 11,5 | stabil |
Krypton 84 | 84Kr | 36 | 48 | 83,912 | 57,0 | stabil |
Krypton 85 | 85Kr | 36 | 49 | 84,913 | * | 10,756 a |
Krypton 86 | 86Kr | 36 | 50 | 85,911 | 17,3 | stabil |
|
Rubidium 85 | 85Rb | 37 | 48 | 84,912 | 72,17 | stabil |
Rubidium 87 | 87Rb | 37 | 50 | 86,909 | 27,83 | 4,9 * 1010 a |
|
Strontium 84 | 84Sr | 38 | 46 | 83,913 | 0,56 | stabil |
Strontium 86 | 86Sr | 38 | 48 | 85,909 | 9,86 | stabil |
Strontium 87 | 87Sr | 38 | 49 | 86,909 | 7,00 | stabil |
Strontium 88 | 88Sr | 38 | 50 | 87,906 | 82,58 | stabil |
Strontium 89 | 89Sr | 38 | 51 | 88,907 | - | 50,57 d |
Strontium 90 | 90Sr | 38 | 52 | 89,908 | - | 28,78 a |
|
Yttrium 89 | 89Y | 39 | 50 | 88,906 | 100 | stabil |
|
Zirconium 90 | 90Zr | 40 | 50 | 89,905 | 51,45 | stabil |
Zirconium 91 | 91Zr | 40 | 51 | 90,906 | 11,22 | stabil |
Zirconium 92 | 92Zr | 40 | 52 | 91,905 | 17,15 | stabil |
Zirconium 93 | 93Zr | 40 | 53 | 92,906 | * | 1,53 * 106 a |
Zirconium 94 | 94Zr | 40 | 54 | 93,906 | 17,38 | stabil |
Zirconium 95 | 95Zr | 40 | 55 | 94.908 | - | 64.03 d |
Zirconium 96 | 96Zr | 40 | 56 | 95,908 | 2,8 | 2,4 * 1019 a |
|
Niob 92 | 92Nb | 41 | 51 | 91,907 | * | 3,47 * 107 a |
Niob 93 | 93Nb | 41 | 52 | 92,906 | 100 | stabil |
Niob 94 | 94Nb | 41 | 53 | 93,907 | * | 20300 a |
|
Molybdän 92 | 92Mo | 42 | 50 | 91,907 | 14,84 | stabil |
Molybdän 94 | 94Mo | 42 | 52 | 93,905 | 9,25 | stabil |
Molybdän 95 | 95Mo | 42 | 53 | 94,906 | 15,92 | stabil |
Molybdän 96 | 96Mo | 42 | 54 | 95,905 | 16,68 | stabil |
Molybdän 97 | 97Mo | 42 | 55 | 96,906 | 9,55 | stabil |
Molybdän 98 | 98Mo | 42 | 56 | 97,905 | 24,13 | stabil |
Molybdän 99 | 99Mo | 42 | 57 | 98,908 | - | 2,7489 d |
Molybdän 100 | 100Mo | 42 | 58 | 99,907 | 9,63 | 7,3 * 1018 a |
|
Technetium 97 | 97Tc | 43 | 54 | 96,906 | - | 4,21 * 106 a |
Technetium 98 | 98Tc | 43 | 55 | 97,907 | - | 4,2 * 106 a |
Technetium 99 | 99Tc | 43 | 56 | 98,906 | 100 | 211112 a |
Technetium 99m | 99mTc | 43 | 56 | | - | 6,01 h |
|
Ruthenium 96 | 96Ru | 44 | 52 | 95,908 | 5,52 | stabil |
Ruthenium 98 | 98Ru | 44 | 54 | 97,905 | 1,88 | stabil |
Ruthenium 99 | 99Ru | 44 | 55 | 98,906 | 12,7 | stabil |
Ruthenium 100 | 100Ru | 44 | 56 | 99,904 | 12,6 | stabil |
Ruthenium 101 | 101Ru | 44 | 57 | 100,906 | 17,0 | stabil |
Ruthenium 102 | 102Ru | 44 | 58 | 101,904 | 31,6 | stabil |
Ruthenium 103 | 103Ru | 44 | 59 | 102.906 | - | 39.26 d |
Ruthenium 104 | 104Ru | 44 | 60 | 103,905 | 18,7 | stabil |
Ruthenium 106 | 106Ru | 44 | 62 | 105,907 | - | 373,6 d |
|
Rhodium 103 | 103Rh | 45 | 58 | 102,906 | 100 | stabil |
|
Palladium 102 | 102Pd | 46 | 56 | 101,906 | 1,02 | stabil |
Palladium 104 | 104Pd | 46 | 58 | 103,904 | 11,14 | stabil |
Palladium 105 | 105Pd | 46 | 59 | 104,905 | 22,33 | stabil |
Palladium 106 | 106Pd | 46 | 60 | 105,903 | 27,33 | stabil |
Palladium 107 | 107Pd | 46 | 61 | 106,905 | * | 6,5 * 106 a |
Palladium 108 | 108Pd | 46 | 62 | 107,904 | 26,46 | stabil |
Palladium 110 | 110Pd | 46 | 64 | 109,906 | 11,72 | stabil |
|
Silber 107 | 107Ag | 47 | 60 | 106,905 | 51,839 | stabil |
Silber 108 | 108Ag | 47 | 61 | 107,906 | - | 2,37 min |
Silber 108m | 108mAg | 47 | 61 | | - | 418 a |
Silber 109 | 109Ag | 47 | 62 | 108,905 | 48,161 | stabil |
|
Cadmium 106 | 106Cd | 48 | 58 | 105,906 | 1,25 | stabil |
Cadmium 108 | 108Cd | 48 | 60 | 107,904 | 0,89 | stabil |
Cadmium 110 | 110Cd | 48 | 62 | 109,903 | 12,49 | stabil |
Cadmium 111 | 111Cd | 48 | 63 | 110,904 | 12,8 | stabil |
Cadmium 112 | 112Cd | 48 | 64 | 111,903 | 24,13 | stabil |
Cadmium 113 | 113Cd | 48 | 65 | 112,904 | 12,22 | 7,7 * 1015 a |
Cadmium 114 | 114Cd | 48 | 66 | 113,903 | 28,73 | stabil |
Cadmium 116 | 116Cd | 48 | 68 | 115,905 | 7,49 | 3 * 1019 a |
|
Indium 113 | 113In | 49 | 64 | 112,904 | 4,3 | stabil |
Indium 115 | 115In | 49 | 66 | 114,904 | 95,7 | 4,41 * 1014 a |
|
Zinn 112 | 112Sn | 50 | 62 | 111,905 | 0,97 | stabil |
Zinn 114 | 114Sn | 50 | 64 | 113,903 | 0,65 | stabil |
Zinn 115 | 115Sn | 50 | 65 | 114,903 | 0,34 | stabil |
Zinn 116 | 116Sn | 50 | 66 | 115,902 | 14,53 | stabil |
Zinn 117 | 117Sn | 50 | 67 | 116,903 | 7,68 | stabil |
Zinn 118 | 118Sn | 50 | 68 | 117,902 | 24,23 | stabil |
Zinn 119 | 119Sn | 50 | 69 | 118,903 | 8,59 | stabil |
Zinn 120 | 120Sn | 50 | 70 | 119,902 | 32,59 | stabil |
Zinn 122 | 122Sn | 50 | 72 | 121,903 | 4,63 | stabil |
Zinn 124 | 124Sn | 50 | 74 | 123,905 | 5,79 | stabil |
Zinn 126 | 126Sn | 50 | 76 | 125,908 | * | 230140 a |
|
Antimon 121 | 121Sb | 51 | 70 | 120,904 | 57,36 | stabil |
Antimon 123 | 123Sb | 51 | 72 | 122,904 | 42,64 | stabil |
|
Tellur 120 | 120Te | 52 | 68 | 119,904 | 0,096 | 2,2 * 1016 a |
Tellur 122 | 122Te | 52 | 70 | 121,903 | 2,603 | stabil |
Tellur 123 | 123Te | 52 | 71 | 122,904 | 0,908 | 1 * 1013 a |
Tellur 124 | 124Te | 52 | 72 | 123,903 | 4,816 | stabil |
Tellur 125 | 125Te | 52 | 73 | 124,904 | 7,139 | stabil |
Tellur 126 | 126Te | 52 | 74 | 125,903 | 18,952 | stabil |
Tellur 128 | 128Te | 52 | 76 | 127,904 | 31,687 | 7,2 * 1024 a |
Tellur 129 | 129Te | 52 | 77 | 128,907 | - | 69,6 min |
Tellur 129m | 129mTe | 52 | 77 | | - | 33,6 d |
Tellur 130 | 130Te | 52 | 78 | 129,906 | 33,799 | 7,9 * 1020 a |
|
Iod 123 | 123I | 53 | 70 | 122,906 | - | 13,22 h |
Iod 125 | 125I | 53 | 72 | 124,905 | - | 59,4 d |
Iod 127 | 127I | 53 | 74 | 126,904 | 100 | stabil |
Iod 129 | 129I | 53 | 76 | 128,905 | * | 1,57 * 107 a |
Iod 131 | 131I | 53 | 78 | 130,906 | - | 8,0207 d |
Iod 133 | 133I | 53 | 80 | 132,908 | - | 20,8 h |
|
Xenon 124 | 124Xe | 54 | 70 | 123,906 | 0,1 | 1,8 * 1022 a |
Xenon 126 | 126Xe | 54 | 72 | 125,904 | 0,09 | stabil |
Xenon 128 | 128Xe | 54 | 74 | 127,904 | 1,91 | stabil |
Xenon 129 | 129Xe | 54 | 75 | 128,905 | 26,4 | stabil |
Xenon 130 | 130Xe | 54 | 76 | 129,904 | 4,1 | stabil |
Xenon 131 | 131Xe | 54 | 77 | 130,905 | 21,29 | stabil |
Xenon 132 | 132Xe | 54 | 78 | 131,904 | 26,9 | stabil |
Xenon 133 | 135Xe | 54 | 79 | 132,906 | - | 5,25 d |
Xenon 134 | 134Xe | 54 | 80 | 133,905 | 10,4 | stabil |
Xenon 135 | 135Xe | 54 | 81 | 134,907 | - | 9,14 h |
Xenon 136 | 136Xe | 54 | 82 | 135,907 | 8,9 | 2,11 * 1021 a |
|
Caesium 133 | 133Cs | 55 | 78 | 132,905 | 100 | stabil |
Caesium 134 | 134Cs | 55 | 79 | 133,907 | - | 2,07 a |
Caesium 135 | 135Cs | 55 | 80 | 134,906 | * | 2,3 * 106 a |
Caesium 136 | 136Cs | 55 | 81 | 135,907 | - | 13,16 d |
Caesium 137 | 137Cs | 55 | 82 | 136,907 | - | 30,17 a |
|
Barium 130 | 130Ba | 56 | 74 | 129,906 | 0,106 | 1,6 * 1021 a |
Barium 132 | 132Ba | 56 | 76 | 131,905 | 0,101 | stabil |
Barium 134 | 134Ba | 56 | 78 | 133,905 | 2,417 | stabil |
Barium 135 | 135Ba | 56 | 79 | 134,906 | 6,592 | stabil |
Barium 136 | 136Ba | 56 | 80 | 135,905 | 7,850 | stabil |
Barium 137 | 137Ba | 56 | 81 | 136,906 | 11,23 | stabil |
Barium 138 | 138Ba | 56 | 82 | 137,905 | 71,7 | stabil |
Barium 140 | 140Ba | 56 | 84 | 139,911 | - | 12,75 d |
|
Lanthan 138 | 138La | 57 | 81 | 137,907 | 0,09 | 1,05 * 1011 a |
Lanthan 139 | 139La | 57 | 82 | 138,906 | 99,91 | stabil |
|
Cer 136 | 136Ce | 58 | 78 | 135,907 | 0,19 | stabil |
Cer 138 | 138Ce | 58 | 80 | 137,906 | 0,25 | stabil |
Cer 140 | 140Ce | 58 | 82 | 139,905 | 88,48 | stabil |
Cer 141 | 141Ce | 58 | 83 | 140.908 | - | 32.51 d |
Cer 142 | 142Ce | 58 | 84 | 141,909 | 11,08 | 5 * 1016 a |
Cer 144 | 144Ce | 58 | 86 | 143,914 | - | 284,9 d |
|
Praseodym 141 | 141Pr | 59 | 82 | 140,908 | 100 | stabil |
|
Neodym 142 | 142Nd | 60 | 82 | 141,908 | 27,13 | stabil |
Neodym 143 | 143Nd | 60 | 83 | 142,910 | 12,18 | stabil |
Neodym 144 | 144Nd | 60 | 84 | 143,910 | 23,8 | 2,29 * 1015 a |
Neodym 145 | 145Nd | 60 | 85 | 144,913 | 8,3 | stabil |
Neodym 146 | 146Nd | 60 | 86 | 145,913 | 17,19 | stabil |
Neodym 148 | 148Nd | 60 | 88 | 147,917 | 5,76 | stabil |
Neodym 150 | 150Nd | 60 | 90 | 149,921 | 5,64 | 1,1* 1019 a |
|
Promethium 145 | 145Pm | 61 | 84 | 144,913 | * | 17,7 a |
Promethium 146 | 146Pm | 61 | 85 | 145,915 | - | 5,53 a |
Promethium 147 | 147Pm | 61 | 86 | 146,915 | 100 | 2,6234 a |
|
Samarium 144 | 144Sm | 62 | 82 | 143,912 | 3,07 | stabil |
Samarium 146 | 146Sm | 62 | 84 | 145,913 | - | 9.2 * 107 a |
Samarium 147 | 147Sm | 62 | 85 | 146,915 | 14,99 | 1,06 * 1011 a |
Samarium 148 | 148Sm | 62 | 86 | 147,915 | 11,24 | 7 * 1015 a |
Samarium 149 | 149Sm | 62 | 87 | 148,917 | 13,82 | stabil |
Samarium 150 | 150Sm | 62 | 88 | 149,917 | 7,38 | stabil |
Samarium 152 | 152Sm | 62 | 90 | 151,920 | 26,75 | stabil |
Samarium 154 | 154Sm | 62 | 92 | 153,922 | 22,75 | stabil |
|
Europium 151 | 151Eu | 63 | 88 | 150,920 | 47,8 | 1,7 * 1018 a |
Europium 153 | 153Eu | 63 | 90 | 152,921 | 52,2 | stabil |
|
Gadolinium 150 | 150Gd | 64 | 86 | 149,919 | - | 1,8 * 106 a |
Gadolinium 152 | 152Gd | 64 | 88 | 151,920 | 0,20 | 1,08 * 1014 a |
Gadolinium 154 | 154Gd | 64 | 90 | 153,921 | 2,18 | stabil |
Gadolinium 155 | 155Gd | 64 | 91 | 154,923 | 14,80 | stabil |
Gadolinium 156 | 156Gd | 64 | 92 | 155,922 | 20,47 | stabil |
Gadolinium 157 | 157Gd | 64 | 93 | 156,924 | 15,65 | stabil |
Gadolinium 158 | 158Gd | 64 | 94 | 157,924 | 24,84 | stabil |
Gadolinium 160 | 160Gd | 64 | 96 | 159,927 | 21,86 | 1,3 * 1021 a |
|
Terbium 159 | 159Tb | 65 | 94 | 158,925 | 100 | stabil |
|
Dysprosium 154 | 154Dy | 66 | 88 | 153,924 | - | 3 * 106 a |
Dysprosium 156 | 156Dy | 66 | 90 | 155,924 | 0,06 | stabil |
Dysprosium 158 | 158Dy | 66 | 92 | 157,924 | 0,1 | stabil |
Dysprosium 160 | 160Dy | 66 | 94 | 159,925 | 2,34 | stabil |
Dysprosium 161 | 161Dy | 66 | 95 | 160,927 | 18,91 | stabil |
Dysprosium 162 | 162Dy | 66 | 96 | 161,927 | 25,51 | stabil |
Dysprosium 163 | 163Dy | 66 | 97 | 162,929 | 24,90 | stabil |
Dysprosium 164 | 164Dy | 66 | 98 | 163,929 | 28,18 | stabil |
|
Holmium 165 | 165Ho | 67 | 98 | 164,930 | 100 | stabil |
Holmium 166 | 166Ho | 67 | 99 | 165,932 | - | 26,83 h |
Holmium 166m1 | 166m1Ho | 67 | 99 | | - | 1200 a |
|
Erbium 162 | 162Er | 68 | 94 | 161,929 | 0,14 | stabil |
Erbium 164 | 164Er | 68 | 96 | 163,929 | 1,61 | stabil |
Erbium 166 | 166Er | 68 | 98 | 165,930 | 33,6 | stabil |
Erbium 167 | 167Er | 68 | 99 | 166,932 | 22,95 | stabil |
Erbium 168 | 168Er | 68 | 100 | 167,932 | 26,8 | stabil |
Erbium 170 | 170Er | 68 | 102 | 169,935 | 14,9 | stabil |
|
Thulium 169 | 169Tm | 69 | 100 | 168,934 | 100 | stabil |
|
Ytterbium 168 | 168Yb | 70 | 98 | 167,934 | 0,13 | stabil |
Ytterbium 170 | 170Yb | 70 | 100 | 169,935 | 3,05 | stabil |
Ytterbium 171 | 171Yb | 70 | 101 | 170,936 | 14,3 | stabil |
Ytterbium 172 | 172Yb | 70 | 102 | 171,936 | 21,9 | stabil |
Ytterbium 173 | 173Yb | 70 | 103 | 172,938 | 16,12 | stabil |
Ytterbium 174 | 174Yb | 70 | 104 | 173,939 | 31,8 | stabil |
Ytterbium 176 | 176Yb | 70 | 106 | 175,943 | 12,7 | stabil |
|
Lutetium 175 | 175Lu | 71 | 104 | 174,941 | 97,41 | stabil |
Lutetium 176 | 176Lu | 71 | 105 | 175,943 | 2,59 | 3,78 * 1010 a |
|
Hafnium 174 | 174Hf | 72 | 102 | 173,940 | 0,162 | 2 * 1015 a |
Hafnium 176 | 176Hf | 72 | 104 | 175,941 | 5,206 | stabil |
Hafnium 177 | 177Hf | 72 | 105 | 176,943 | 18,606 | stabil |
Hafnium 178 | 178Hf | 72 | 106 | 177,944 | 27,297 | stabil |
Hafnium 178m2 | 178m2Hf | 72 | 106 | | - | 31,1 a |
Hafnium 179 | 179Hf | 72 | 107 | 178,946 | 13,629 | stabil |
Hafnium 180 | 180Hf | 72 | 108 | 179,947 | 35,1 | stabil |
|
Tantal 180 | 180Ta | 73 | 107 | 179,947 | - | 8,125 h |
Tantal 180m | 180mTa | 73 | 107 | | 0,012 | >2 * 1016 a |
Tantal 181 | 181Ta | 73 | 108 | 180,948 | 99,988 | stabil |
|
Wolfram 180 | 180W | 74 | 106 | 179,947 | 0,13 | 1,8 * 1018 a |
Wolfram 182 | 182W | 74 | 108 | 181,948 | 26,3 | stabil |
Wolfram 183 | 183W | 74 | 109 | 182,950 | 14,3 | stabil |
Wolfram 184 | 184W | 74 | 110 | 183,951 | 30,67 | stabil |
Wolfram 186 | 186W | 74 | 112 | 185,954 | 28,6 | stabil |
|
Rhenium 185 | 185Re | 75 | 110 | 184,953 | 37,4 | stabil |
Rhenium 186 | 186Re | 75 | 111 | 185,955 | - | 3.719 d |
Rhenium 186m | 186mRe | 75 | 111 | | - | 2 * 105 a |
Rhenium 187 | 187Re | 75 | 112 | 186,956 | 62,6 | 4,12 * 1010 a |
Rhenium 188 | 188Re | 75 | 113 | 187,958 | - | 17 h |
|
Osmium 184 | 184Os | 76 | 108 | 183,952 | 0,02 | 3 * 1013 a |
Osmium 186 | 186Os | 76 | 110 | 185,954 | 1,58 | 2 * 1015 a |
Osmium 187 | 187Os | 76 | 111 | 186,956 | 1,6 | stabil |
Osmium 188 | 188Os | 76 | 112 | 187,956 | 13,3 | stabil |
Osmium 189 | 189Os | 76 | 113 | 188,958 | 16,1 | stabil |
Osmium 190 | 190Os | 76 | 114 | 189,958 | 26,4 | stabil |
Osmium 192 | 192Os | 76 | 116 | 191,961 | 41,0 | stabil |
|
Iridium 191 | 191Ir | 77 | 114 | 190,960 | 37,3 | stabil |
Iridium 192 | 192Ir | 77 | 115 | 191,963 | - | 73,827 d |
Iridium 192m2 | 192m2Ir | 77 | 115 | | - | 241 a |
Iridium 193 | 193Ir | 77 | 116 | 192,963 | 62,7 | stabil |
|
Platin 190 | 190Pt | 78 | 112 | 189,961 | 0,01 | 6,5 * 1011 a |
Platin 192 | 192Pt | 78 | 114 | 191,961 | 0,79 | stabil |
Platin 194 | 194Pt | 78 | 116 | 193,963 | 32,9 | stabil |
Platin 195 | 195Pt | 78 | 117 | 194,965 | 33,8 | stabil |
Platin 196 | 196Pt | 78 | 118 | 195,965 | 25,3 | stabil |
Platin 198 | 198Pt | 78 | 120 | 197,968 | 7,2 | stabil |
|
Gold 197 | 197Au | 79 | 118 | 196,967 | 100 | stabil |
Gold 198 | 198Au | 79 | 119 | 197,968 | - | 2.695 d |
|
Quecksilber 196 | 196Hg | 80 | 116 | 195,966 | 0,15 | stabil |
Quecksilber 198 | 198Hg | 80 | 118 | 197,967 | 9,97 | stabil |
Quecksilber 199 | 199Hg | 80 | 119 | 198,968 | 16,87 | stabil |
Quecksilber 200 | 200Hg | 80 | 120 | 199,968 | 23,1 | stabil |
Quecksilber 201 | 201Hg | 80 | 121 | 200,970 | 13,18 | stabil |
Quecksilber 202 | 202Hg | 80 | 122 | 201,971 | 29,86 | stabil |
Quecksilber 204 | 204Hg | 80 | 124 | 203,973 | 6,87 | stabil |
Quecksilber 206 | 206Hg | 80 | 126 | 205,978 | * | 8,15 min |
|
Thallium 201 | 201Tl | 81 | 120 | 200,971 | - | 72,912 h |
Thallium 203 | 203Tl | 81 | 122 | 202,973 | 29,524 | stabil |
Thallium 205 | 205Tl | 81 | 124 | 204,974 | 70,476 | stabil |
Thallium 206 | 206Tl | 81 | 125 | 205,976 | * | 4,199 min |
Thallium 207 | 207Tl | 81 | 126 | 206,977 | * | 4,77 min |
Thallium 208 | 208Tl | 81 | 127 | 207,982 | * | 3,053 min |
Thallium 209 | 209Tl | 81 | 128 | 208,985 | * | 2,161 min |
Thallium 210 | 210Tl | 81 | 129 | 209,990 | * | 1,30 min |
|
Blei 204 | 204Pb | 82 | 122 | 203,973 | 1,4 | >1,4 * 1017 a |
Blei 206 | 206Pb | 82 | 124 | 205,974 | 24,1 | stabil |
Blei 207 | 207Pb | 82 | 125 | 206,976 | 22,1 | stabil |
Blei 208 | 208Pb | 82 | 126 | 207,977 | 52,4 | stabil |
Blei 209 | 209Pb | 82 | 127 | 208,981 | * | 3,253 h |
Blei 210 | 210Pb | 82 | 128 | 209,984 | * | 22,3 a |
Blei 211 | 211Pb | 82 | 129 | 210,989 | * | 36,1 min |
Blei 212 | 212Pb | 82 | 130 | 211,992 | * | 10,64 h |
Blei 214 | 214Pb | 82 | 132 | 214,000 | * | 26,8 min |
|
Wismut 209 | 209Bi | 83 | 126 | 208,980 | 100 | 1,9 * 1019 a |
Wismut 210 | 210Bi | 83 | 127 | 209,984 | * | 5,013 d |
Wismut 210m | 210mBi | 83 | 127 | | - | 304600 a |
Wismut 211 | 211Bi | 83 | 128 | 210,987 | * | 2,14 min |
Wismut 212 | 212Bi | 83 | 129 | 211,991 | * | 60,55 min |
Wismut 213 | 213Bi | 83 | 130 | 212,994 | * | 49,59 min |
Wismut 214 | 214Bi | 83 | 131 | 213,999 | * | 19,9 min |
Wismut 215 | 215Bi | 83 | 132 | 215,002 | * | 7,6 min |
|
Polonium 209 | 209Po | 84 | 125 | 208,982 | - | 103 a |
Polonium 210 | 210Po | 84 | 126 | 209,983 | 99,998 | 138,376 d |
Polonium 211 | 211Po | 84 | 127 | 210,987 | * | 0,516 s |
Polonium 212 | 212Po | 84 | 128 | 211,989 | * | 304 ns |
Polonium 213 | 213Po | 84 | 129 | 212,993 | * | 4 μs |
Polonium 214 | 214Po | 84 | 130 | 213,995 | * | 164 μs |
Polonium 215 | 215Po | 84 | 131 | 214,999 | * | 1,781 ms |
Polonium 216 | 216Po | 84 | 132 | 216,002 | * | 0,15 s |
Polonium 218 | 218Po | 84 | 134 | 218,009 | 0,002 | 3,05 min |
|
Astat 209 | 209At | 85 | 124 | 208,986 | - | 5,41 h |
Astat 210 | 210At | 85 | 125 | 209,987 | - | 8,3 h |
Astat 211 | 211At | 85 | 126 | 210,987 | - | 7,214 h |
Astat 215 | 215At | 85 | 130 | 214,999 | * | 0,10 ms |
Astat 217 | 217At | 85 | 132 | 217,005 | * | 32,3 ms |
Astat 218 | 218At | 85 | 133 | 218,009 | * | 1,5 s |
Astat 219 | 219At | 85 | 134 | 219,011 | * | 56 s |
|
Radon 218 | 218Rn | 86 | 132 | 218,006 | * | 35 ms |
Radon 219 | 219Rn | 86 | 133 | 219,009 | 1 | 3,96 s |
Radon 220 | 220Rn | 86 | 134 | 220,011 | 9 | 55,6 s |
Radon 222 | 222Rn | 86 | 136 | 222,018 | 90 | 3,824 d |
|
Francium 221 | 221Fr | 87 | 134 | 221,014 | * | 4,9 min |
Francium 223 | 223Fr | 87 | 136 | 223,020 | 100 | 21,8 min |
|
Radium 221 | 221Ra | 88 | 133 | 221,014 | * | 28 s |
Radium 223 | 223Ra | 88 | 135 | 223,019 | * | 11,435 d |
Radium 224 | 224Ra | 88 | 136 | 224,020 | * | 3,66 d |
Radium 225 | 225Ra | 88 | 137 | 225,024 | * | 14,9 d |
Radium 226 | 226Ra | 88 | 138 | 226,025 | 100 | 1602 a |
Radium 228 | 228Ra | 88 | 140 | 228,031 | * | 5,7 a |
|
Actinium 225 | 225Ac | 89 | 136 | 225,023 | * | 10 d |
Actinium 227 | 227Ac | 89 | 138 | 227,028 | 100 | 21,773 a |
Actinium 228 | 228Ac | 89 | 139 | 228,031 | * | 6,15 h |
|
Thorium 227 | 227Th | 90 | 137 | 227,028 | * | 18,72 d |
Thorium 228 | 228Th | 90 | 138 | 228,029 | * | 1,9131 a |
Thorium 229 | 229Th | 90 | 139 | 229,032 | * | 7917 a |
Thorium 230 | 230Th | 90 | 140 | 230,033 | 0,02 | 75380 a |
Thorium 231 | 231Th | 90 | 141 | 231,036 | * | 25,52 h |
Thorium 232 | 232Th | 90 | 142 | 232,038 | 99,98 | 1,405 * 1010 a |
Thorium 234 | 234Th | 90 | 144 | 234,044 | * | 24,10 d |
|
Protactinium 231 | 231Pa | 91 | 140 | 231,036 | 100 | 32760 a |
Protactinium 233 | 233Pa | 91 | 142 | 233,040 | * | 26,975 d |
Protactinium 234 | 234Pa | 91 | 143 | 234,043 | * | 6,70 h |
Protactinium 234m | 234mPa | 91 | 143 | | * | 1,17 min |
|
Uran 233 | 233U | 92 | 141 | 233,040 | * | 159220 a |
Uran 234 | 234U | 92 | 142 | 234,041 | 0,0055 | 245560 a |
Uran 235 | 235U | 92 | 143 | 235,044 | 0,72 | 7,038 * 108 a |
Uran 236 | 236U | 92 | 144 | 236,046 | * | 2,342 * 107 a |
Uran 237 | 237U | 92 | 145 | 237,049 | * | 6,752 d |
Uran 238 | 238U | 92 | 146 | 238,051 | 99,27 | 4,468 * 109 a |
Uran 240 | 240U | 92 | 148 | 240,057 | * | 14,1 h |
|
Neptunium 236 | 236Np | 93 | 143 | 236,047 | - | 154600 a |
Neptunium 237 | 237Np | 93 | 144 | 237,048 | 100 | 2,1447 * 106 a |
Neptunium 239 | 239Np | 93 | 146 | 239,053 | * | 2,356 d |
Neptunium 240 | 240Np | 93 | 147 | 240,056 | * | 61,9 min |
|
Plutonium 238 | 238Pu | 94 | 144 | 238,050 | * | 87,7 a |
Plutonium 239 | 239Pu | 94 | 145 | 239,052 | * | 24110 a |
Plutonium 240 | 240Pu | 94 | 146 | 240,054 | * | 6564 a |
Plutonium 241 | 241Pu | 94 | 147 | 241.057 | - | 14,29 a |
Plutonium 242 | 242Pu | 94 | 148 | 242,059 | - | 375000 a |
Plutonium 244 | 244Pu | 94 | 150 | 244,064 | 100 | 8,0 * 107 a |
|
Americium 241 | 241Am | 95 | 146 | 241,057 | - | 432,2 a |
Americium 242 | 242Am | 95 | 147 | 242,060 | - | 16,02 h |
Americium 242m1 | 242m1Am | 95 | 147 | | - | 141 a |
Americium 243 | 243Am | 95 | 148 | 243,061 | - | 7370 a |
|
Curium 242 | 242Cm | 96 | 146 | 242,059 | - | 162,8 d |
Curium 244 | 244Cm | 96 | 148 | 244,063 | - | 18,1 a |
Curium 247 | 247Cm | 96 | 151 | 247,070 | - | 1,56 * 107 a |
Curium 248 | 248Cm | 96 | 152 | 248,072 | - | 348600 a |
|
Berkelium 247 | 247Bk | 97 | 150 | 247,070 | - | 1380 a |
Berkelium 248 | 248Bk | 97 | 151 | 248,073 | - | 9,5 a |
Berkelium 249 | 249Bk | 97 | 152 | 249,075 | - | 330 d |
|
Californium 249 | 249Cf | 98 | 151 | 249,075 | - | 351 a |
Californium 250 | 250Cf | 98 | 152 | 250,076 | - | 13,08 a |
Californium 251 | 251Cf | 98 | 153 | 251,080 | - | 900 a |
Californium 252 | 252Cf | 98 | 154 | 252,082 | - | 2,645 a |
|
Einsteinium 252 | 252Es | 99 | 153 | 252,083 | - | 471,7 d |
Einsteinium 253 | 253Es | 99 | 154 | 253,085 | - | 20,47 d |
Einsteinium 254 | 254Es | 99 | 155 | 254,089 | - | 275,7 d |
Einsteinium 255 | 255Es | 99 | 156 | 255,090 | - | 39,8 d |
|
Fermium 253 | 253Fm | 100 | 153 | 253,085 | - | 3,00 d |
Fermium 254 | 254Fm | 100 | 154 | 254,087 | - | 3,240 h |
Fermium 255 | 255Fm | 100 | 155 | 255,090 | - | 20,07 h |
Fermium 257 | 257Fm | 100 | 157 | 257,095 | - | 100,5 d |
|
Mendelevium 256 | 256Md | 101 | 155 | 256,094 | - | 77 min |
Mendelevium 258 | 258Md | 101 | 157 | 258,098 | - | 51,5 d |
Mendelevium 260 | 260Md | 101 | 159 | 260,104 | - | 27,8 d |
|
Nobelium 255 | 255No | 102 | 153 | 255,093 | - | 3,1 min |
Nobelium 257 | 257No | 102 | 155 | 257,097 | - | 25 s |
Nobelium 259 | 259No | 102 | 157 | 259,101 | - | 58 min |
|
Lawrencium 262 | 262Lr | 103 | 159 | 262,110 | - | 3,6 h |
Lawrencium 264 | 264Lr | 103 | 161 | 264,114 | - | 3 h |
Lawrencium 266 | 266Lr | 103 | 163 | 266,120 | - | 11 h |
|
Rutherfordium 267 | 267Rf | 104 | 163 | 267,122 | - | 2,5 h |
|
Dubnium 268 | 268Db | 105 | 163 | 268,126 | - | 30 h |
|
Seaborgium 269 | 269Sg | 106 | 163 | 269,129 | - | 14 min |
|
Bohrium 267 | 267Bh | 107 | 160 | 267,128 | - | 17 s |
|
Hassium 269 | 269Hs | 108 | 161 | 269,134 | - | 10 s |
Hassium 277 | 277Hs | 108 | 169 | 277,152 | - | 12 ms |
Hassium 277m | 277mHs | 108 | 169 | | - | 2,2 min |
|
Meitnerium 278 | 278Mt | 109 | 169 | 278,156 | - | 7,6 s |
|
Darmstadtium 281 | 281Ds | 110 | 171 | 281,165 | - | 10 s |
|
Roentgenium 282 | 282Rg | 111 | 171 | 282,169 | - | 2,1 min |
|
Copernicium 285 | 285Cn | 112 | 173 | 285,177 | - | 30 s |
|
Nihonium 286 | 286Nh | 113 | 173 | 286,182 | - | 9,5 s |
|
Flerovium 289 | 289Fl | 114 | 175 | 289,190 | - | 2 s |
|
Moscovium 290 | 290Mc | 115 | 175 | 290,196 | - | 0,65 s |
|
Livermorium 292 | 292Lv | 116 | 176 | 292,202 | - | 16 ms |
Livermorium 293 | 293Lv | 116 | 177 | 293,204 | - | 53 ms |
|
Tenness 293 | 293Ts | 117 | 176 | 293,208 | - | 14 ms |
Tenness 294 | 294Ts | 117 | 177 | 294,210 | - | 78 ms |
|
Oganesson 294 | 294Og | 118 | 176 | 294,214 | - | 0,7 ms |
|
Bis auf das Isotop Wasserstoff 1 (und das extrem instabile Helium 2) enthalten alle Isotope Neutronen. Mit der Anzahl der Protonen steigt für stabile Isotope die Anzahl der Neutronen stärker, so dass große Isotope mehr Neutronen als Protonen haben. Vereinfach gesagt, je größer die Anzahl der Protonen, desto größer ist das Verhältnis der Anzahl Neutronen zu Protonen. Das größte Isotop mit der gleichen Anzahl an Neutronen und Protonen ist Calcium 40. Isotope mit einer geraden Anzahl an Protonen und einer geraden Anzahl an Neutronen sind tendenziell stabiler als andere. Besonders stabil sind Isotope, bei denen die Anzahl der Protonen und Neutronen einer so genannten magischen Zahl entspricht, dies sind die Zahlen 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126 und 184.
|